the Greeks the archaic period represented the dawn of history, and classical scholarship has not always shaken off this inheritance. From this point of view it appeared quite natural that the awakening of art from primitive modes should have coincided with the rise of all those other activities, that, for the humanist, belong to civilization: the development of philosophy, of science, and of dramatic poetry. The world of the Greeks illustrates why visual appearances cannot interest a people before the interiorization of alphabetic technology. * The discovery that the representation of “natural appearances” is quite abnormal and also quite unperceptible as such to nonliterate peoples, has created some disturbance of